| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Vector | v = (v₁,…,vₙ) |
| Magnitude | ‖v‖ = √(v₁² + v₂² + … + vₙ²) |
| Unit Vector (Direction) | v̂ = v/‖v‖ |
| Dot Product | u·v = u₁v₁ + u₂v₂ + … + uₙvₙ |
| Cosine | cos θ = (u·v)/(‖u‖·‖v‖) |
| Angle | θ = arccos ((u·v)/(‖u‖·‖v‖)) |
| Orthogonal | u·v = 0 (θ = 90°) |
| Parallel | v = αu with α > 0 (θ = 0°) |
| Anti-parallel | v = βu with β < 0 (θ = 180°) |